Beatriz Comendador Rey
Universidade de Vigo, HIstoria, Arte, Geografía, Faculty Member
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Historia, Arte e Xeografia, Faculty Memberadd
- Landscape Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Arqueología, History, Arte Rupestre, Bronce Age Interconnections, and 45 morePrehistory, Edad Del Bronce, Archaeology, Arqueometría, Bronze Age Europe (Archaeology), Arqueometalurgia, Early Bronze Age (Archaeology), Late Bronze Age archaeology, Anthropology, Rock Art (Archaeology), Social Complexity (Archaeology), The Copper Age Settlement of Valencina de la Concepción (Seville, Spain): Demography, Metallurgy and Spatial Organization, Metalwork (Archaeology), Archaeometry, Ancient Technology (Archaeology), European Neolithic, Copper Age, Bronze Age, Late Neolithic Copper Age Personal Ornaments Beads Pendents Bracelets Jewelry Portugal Spain Iberia Social Complexity Craft Specialization Political Economy Exchange Exotic Raw Materials Ivory Variscite Slate Plaques, Patrimonio geológico, Arqueología Industrial, Arqueometalurgia, Stable Isotope Analysis, Experimental Archaeology, Rock Art, Perceptions of the Past, Usos Políticos Del Pasado, Cómo y por qué los informativos españoles de televisión de prime time utilizaron el futuro en vez del presente o del pasado inm,ediato, Mining archaeology, Archaeometallurgy, Ancient Metallurgy, Iberian Prehistory (Archaeology), Hoard finds, Silver, Bronze, Lead Isotope Analysis, Late Prehistory, Archaemometallurgy, Education, Halberds, Public Archaeology, Antropología, Research Group ATLAS: Territories and Landscapes In the Late Prehistory of Andalusia, Stone tools for mechanical metalworking, Arqueologia Publica, Arqueologia Pública, Bronze Age metal hoards, and In Metals and Societies Studies In Honour of Barbara S. Ottaway Eds Kienlin and Robertsedit
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A parroquia de San Xens de Bamio está situada na marxe sur do esteiro do Ulla, na ría de Arousa. Trátase dunha área periférica do núcleo urbano de Vilagarcía de Arousa, cunha paisaxe fortemente modificada nos derradeiros anos pola acción... more
A parroquia de San Xens de Bamio está situada na marxe sur do esteiro do Ulla, na ría de Arousa. Trátase dunha área periférica do núcleo urbano de Vilagarcía de Arousa, cunha paisaxe fortemente modificada nos derradeiros anos pola acción humana.
A riqueza patrimonial deste territorio está especialmente materializada na presenza dun núcleo excepcional de Arte Rupestre no lugar do Salgueiral, na aldea de Vilar, nos petróglifos coñecidos como a Laxe do Meadelo ou Pedra do Encanto, e Os Ballotes. Dende o ano 2011, a iniciativa da Asociación Ateneo Mar de Arousa de Vilagarcía de Arousa, en colaboración con investigadores da Universidade de Vigo e o Concello de Vilagarcía de Arousa, vimos desenvolvendo unha serie de
eventos baixo o título de “Longa Noite de Pedras”, encamiñados a difundir e protexer estes conxuntos. A investigación sobre a arte rupestre conta cunha tradición longa en Galicia e algunhas das estacións de Vilagarcía figuran entre as primeiras atopadas e documentadas. Este é o caso deste conxunto de petróglifos, descubertos e visitados a principios do século XX por diversos investigadores ilustres. Debemos ao artista Enrique Campo Sobrino o primeiro debuxo da Laxe do Meadelo ou Pedra do Encanto, asinado en 1907. Con motivo do 110 aniversario deste feito, no ano 2017 realizamos unha exposición efémera titulada “Os Relatos das Vellas Pedras”, na que intentamos recoller as historias dos petróglifos do Salgueiral só no último século da súa milenaria biografía. Foi exposta na Longa Noite de Pedras celebrada no mes de agosto de 2017, na que contamos coa teatralización destas historias a cargo de rapaces e rapazas de Arousa, que interpretaron para os máis de 150 asistentes, as distintas personaxes desta historia dende o seu descubrimento.
Neste libriño recollemos o contido da exposición realizada, coa finalidade de que circule e sexa de utilidade en diferentes centros de ensino e para o interese xeral das comunidades, especialmente da contorna.
A riqueza patrimonial deste territorio está especialmente materializada na presenza dun núcleo excepcional de Arte Rupestre no lugar do Salgueiral, na aldea de Vilar, nos petróglifos coñecidos como a Laxe do Meadelo ou Pedra do Encanto, e Os Ballotes. Dende o ano 2011, a iniciativa da Asociación Ateneo Mar de Arousa de Vilagarcía de Arousa, en colaboración con investigadores da Universidade de Vigo e o Concello de Vilagarcía de Arousa, vimos desenvolvendo unha serie de
eventos baixo o título de “Longa Noite de Pedras”, encamiñados a difundir e protexer estes conxuntos. A investigación sobre a arte rupestre conta cunha tradición longa en Galicia e algunhas das estacións de Vilagarcía figuran entre as primeiras atopadas e documentadas. Este é o caso deste conxunto de petróglifos, descubertos e visitados a principios do século XX por diversos investigadores ilustres. Debemos ao artista Enrique Campo Sobrino o primeiro debuxo da Laxe do Meadelo ou Pedra do Encanto, asinado en 1907. Con motivo do 110 aniversario deste feito, no ano 2017 realizamos unha exposición efémera titulada “Os Relatos das Vellas Pedras”, na que intentamos recoller as historias dos petróglifos do Salgueiral só no último século da súa milenaria biografía. Foi exposta na Longa Noite de Pedras celebrada no mes de agosto de 2017, na que contamos coa teatralización destas historias a cargo de rapaces e rapazas de Arousa, que interpretaron para os máis de 150 asistentes, as distintas personaxes desta historia dende o seu descubrimento.
Neste libriño recollemos o contido da exposición realizada, coa finalidade de que circule e sexa de utilidade en diferentes centros de ensino e para o interese xeral das comunidades, especialmente da contorna.
Research Interests:
A. M.S. Bettencourt, B. Comendador Rey, H. Aulai Sampaio, E. Sá (editores) Esta obra foi editada no âmbito do projecto Espaços Naturais, Arquitecturas, Arte Rupestre e Deposições na Pré-História recente da Fachada Ocidental do Centro e... more
A. M.S. Bettencourt, B. Comendador Rey, H. Aulai Sampaio, E. Sá (editores)
Esta obra foi editada no âmbito do projecto Espaços Naturais, Arquitecturas, Arte Rupestre e Deposições na Pré-História recente da Fachada Ocidental do Centro e Norte Português: das Acções aos Significados – ENARDAS (PTDC/HISARQ/112983), financiado pelo Programa Operacional Temático Factores de Competitividade (COMPETE) e comparticipados pelo Fundo Comunitário Europeu FEDER.
Esta obra foi editada no âmbito do projecto Espaços Naturais, Arquitecturas, Arte Rupestre e Deposições na Pré-História recente da Fachada Ocidental do Centro e Norte Português: das Acções aos Significados – ENARDAS (PTDC/HISARQ/112983), financiado pelo Programa Operacional Temático Factores de Competitividade (COMPETE) e comparticipados pelo Fundo Comunitário Europeu FEDER.
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Research Interests: Bronze Age Europe (Archaeology), Archaeometallurgy, Bronze Age (Archaeology), Prehistory, European Copper and Bronze Age – Archaeometallurgy – Prehistoric Metalworking in Social Context – Settlement Archaeology – Application of Geophysical Methods in Archaeology – Neolithic – Theory / Cultural Anthropology – Material Culture Studies, and Goldwork
Of late, there has been a trend of valuing knowledge transfer as a means for societal progress. Knowledge transfer is one of the main activities of academic institutions. However, the definition of such a transfer within the humanities,... more
Of late, there has been a trend of valuing knowledge transfer as a means for societal progress. Knowledge transfer is one of the main activities of academic institutions. However, the definition of such a transfer within the humanities, and more specifically within archaeology as a social science, is still rife with ambiguity: from the point of view of the activity itself and the criteria used to assess such a transfer, and also from the perspective of the social goal pursued and the direction a university takes in that pursuit.
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La vinculación entre la minería del estaño y el agua, y su expresión en el paisaje, ha sido una vía de investigación poco explorada en el contexto peninsular. A pesar de la constante atribución de una gran riqueza estannífera al noroeste... more
La vinculación entre la minería del estaño y el agua, y su expresión en el paisaje, ha sido una vía de investigación poco explorada en el contexto peninsular. A pesar de la constante atribución de una gran riqueza estannífera al noroeste ibérico y el reconocimiento de la explotación de estos recursos desde la antigüedad, los intentos de caracterización de este potencial han sido muy desiguales. En cuanto a la caracterización de criaderos de estaño o trabajos de explotación, si bien se conocen algunas aproximaciones a la minería subterránea o al lavado en las escombreras de enclaves mineros, no se han estudiado los posibles indicios del laboreo de recursos mediante técnicas que implican la utilización de corrientes de agua y decantación (stream-works). En este trabajo presentamos las potencialidades de investigación de los paisajes del agua vinculados a la captación de estaño mediante la aplicación de un conjunto de metodologías, así como su posible vinculación con el poblamiento del territorio desde la prehistoria reciente, y con el origen de la metalurgia del bronce y el desarrollo social de estas comunidades a lo largo de la historia. Al mismo tiempo presentamos estos recursos como potenciales elementos para la articulación de itinerarios culturales transfronterizos y el desarrollo sostenible en áreas rurales.
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The link between tin mining and water, and its expression in the landscape, has been a research path unexplored in the peninsular context. Despite the constant attribution of a stanniferous wealth to the northwestern Iberia and the recognition of the exploitation of these resources since antiquity, attempts to characterize this potential has been very uneven. While some approaches for the characterization of tin ore deposits and possible ancient underground mining works or washing tailings from these mining sites are known, possible indications of tillage of resources through techniques involving use of water currents and settling (stream-works) has not been studied. This paper presents the potential of research on water landscapes associated with tin exploitation by applying a set of methodologies and their possible connection with the settlement of the territory from the late prehistory, and the origin of bronze metallurgy and social development of these Iberian communities throughout history. At the same time we present these resources as potential elements for joint cross-border cultural itineraries and interactions, as well as for sustainable development in rural areas.
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The link between tin mining and water, and its expression in the landscape, has been a research path unexplored in the peninsular context. Despite the constant attribution of a stanniferous wealth to the northwestern Iberia and the recognition of the exploitation of these resources since antiquity, attempts to characterize this potential has been very uneven. While some approaches for the characterization of tin ore deposits and possible ancient underground mining works or washing tailings from these mining sites are known, possible indications of tillage of resources through techniques involving use of water currents and settling (stream-works) has not been studied. This paper presents the potential of research on water landscapes associated with tin exploitation by applying a set of methodologies and their possible connection with the settlement of the territory from the late prehistory, and the origin of bronze metallurgy and social development of these Iberian communities throughout history. At the same time we present these resources as potential elements for joint cross-border cultural itineraries and interactions, as well as for sustainable development in rural areas.
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This paper presents a comprehensive digest of the archaeological record from the Late Prehistory of the Upper Tamega Valley, a region hitherto little known in the Galician archaeological literature, focusing our analysis on the study of... more
This paper presents a comprehensive digest of the archaeological record from the Late Prehistory of the Upper Tamega Valley, a region hitherto little known in the Galician archaeological literature, focusing our analysis on the study of rock art and assesing other elements such as settlements, burial mounds and prehistoric statuary.
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The interior of Galicia has been repeatrdly excluded from the general syntheis of rock art in the north-west Iberian peninsula as research has tended to focus on other north-wester areas. However, work carried out shows the value of... more
The interior of Galicia has been repeatrdly excluded from the general syntheis of rock art in the north-west Iberian peninsula as research has tended to focus on other north-wester areas. However, work carried out shows the value of studies in this region, in terms of both the density and the complexity of the engravings recorded, wich is increased because it is a border area between Schematic and Atlantic rock art styles. As an example, we present the rock art of As Pisadiñas (laza), As Cuncas/As Ferradas (Monterrei) and Penedo do Muro (Monterrei), and analyse their own characteristics in ordes do define different styles.
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This paper deals with goldworking technology, more precisely with the manufacturing processes and tools used in Atlantic Europe during the Copper Age and the beginning of the Early Bronze Age. It takes an interdisciplinary approach to... more
This paper deals with goldworking technology, more precisely with the manufacturing processes and tools used in Atlantic Europe during the Copper Age and the beginning of the Early Bronze Age. It takes an interdisciplinary
approach to the study of the technological aspects of early fine metalworking crafts.
Along with copper, gold was one of the first metals used by early metallurgists. Atlantic Europe is rich in gold artefacts attesting to the use of particular types of ornaments, from southern Portugal up to the north of Scotland. Precious metal objects are valuable goods with symbolic meaning used in rituals as well as in funerary contexts. They also had an important social function for gift exchange between elites and for demonstration of power. Gold artefacts can indicate cultural contact leading to the exchange of technological and artistic knowhow.
One purpose of this paper is to investigate the traces of exchange and circulation processes in the
archaeological record so as to be able to reconstruct the goldworking craftsmanship of the past.
The second purpose is to present an interdisciplinary approach to the analysis and definition of the early art of goldworking. Finally, the role of metal technology in tradition, innovation, contact and cultural change for understanding of early metal-using societies will be discussed.
approach to the study of the technological aspects of early fine metalworking crafts.
Along with copper, gold was one of the first metals used by early metallurgists. Atlantic Europe is rich in gold artefacts attesting to the use of particular types of ornaments, from southern Portugal up to the north of Scotland. Precious metal objects are valuable goods with symbolic meaning used in rituals as well as in funerary contexts. They also had an important social function for gift exchange between elites and for demonstration of power. Gold artefacts can indicate cultural contact leading to the exchange of technological and artistic knowhow.
One purpose of this paper is to investigate the traces of exchange and circulation processes in the
archaeological record so as to be able to reconstruct the goldworking craftsmanship of the past.
The second purpose is to present an interdisciplinary approach to the analysis and definition of the early art of goldworking. Finally, the role of metal technology in tradition, innovation, contact and cultural change for understanding of early metal-using societies will be discussed.
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The prehistoric silver set of Antas de Ulla, north-western Iberia, consists of a central ring from which six chains hang, each chain containing of five irregular spirals of decreasing size. This set has been made from silver with low... more
The prehistoric silver set of Antas de Ulla, north-western Iberia,
consists of a central ring from which six chains hang,
each chain containing of five irregular spirals of decreasing
size. This set has been made from silver with low impurities.
The spirals are characterised, in general, by low contents of
lead together with volatile and/or easily oxidised elements
(copper, antimony, nickel, bismuth, and zinc). A few samples
showed high lead contents and slightly high contents of manganese and copper, probably related to the silver ore sources
(native silver and silver chlorides). The set shows a high degree
of corrosion. Lead stable isotope ratios have been applied as a
fingerprinting tool to determine the silver provenance. These
ratios have been determined by inductively coupled plasma
mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) on extracts from bulk samples
after total acid digestion in a microwave oven. The 206Pb/207Pb,
206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, 208Pb/204Pb, and 208Pb/207Pb ratios of the set showed isotopic ratios similar to some ore bodies
from southern Iberia, although different provenance areas
have been identified.
Das prähistorische Silberinventar von Antas de Ulla, Nordwestiberien,
besteht aus einem zentralen Ring, von dem sechs
Ketten hängen. Diese Ketten bestehen aus fünf Gliedern in
Spiralform, deren Durchmesser sich zum Kettenende hin verjüngen.
Dieses Set wurde aus einem Silbermaterial hergestellt,
das sehr wenige Verunreinigungen enthält. Die Spiralen
enthalten generell sehr wenig Blei und nur geringe Mengen an
leicht flüchtigen und/oder leicht oxidierenden Elementen
(Kupfer, Antimon, Nickel, Bismut und Zink). Nur einige wenige
Proben zeigen einen erhöhten Bleigehalt und leicht erhöhte
Mangan- und Kupfergehalte, vermutlich verursacht durch
unterschiedliche Silbererzquellen (gediegen Silber oder Silberchloride).
Die Funde zeigen einen hohen Grad an Korrosion.
Stabile Bleiisotopenverhältnisse wurden zur Ermittlung der
Herkunft des Silbers herangezogen. Diese Verhältnisse wurden
mittels induktiv gekoppelter Plasma-Massenspektrometrie
(ICP-MS) anhand von Probenmaterial bestimmt, das
durch Nass-Veraschung in einem Mikrowellenofen aufbereitet
wurde. Die Verhältnisse 206Pb/207Pb, 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb,
208Pb/204Pb und 208Pb/207Pb der Silberfunde zeigen eine Isotopenverteilung,
die denen der Erzvorkommen im Süden der
Iberischen Halbinsel ähneln, obwohl auch andere Regionen
als mögliche Herkunftsorte identifiziert wurden.
consists of a central ring from which six chains hang,
each chain containing of five irregular spirals of decreasing
size. This set has been made from silver with low impurities.
The spirals are characterised, in general, by low contents of
lead together with volatile and/or easily oxidised elements
(copper, antimony, nickel, bismuth, and zinc). A few samples
showed high lead contents and slightly high contents of manganese and copper, probably related to the silver ore sources
(native silver and silver chlorides). The set shows a high degree
of corrosion. Lead stable isotope ratios have been applied as a
fingerprinting tool to determine the silver provenance. These
ratios have been determined by inductively coupled plasma
mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) on extracts from bulk samples
after total acid digestion in a microwave oven. The 206Pb/207Pb,
206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, 208Pb/204Pb, and 208Pb/207Pb ratios of the set showed isotopic ratios similar to some ore bodies
from southern Iberia, although different provenance areas
have been identified.
Das prähistorische Silberinventar von Antas de Ulla, Nordwestiberien,
besteht aus einem zentralen Ring, von dem sechs
Ketten hängen. Diese Ketten bestehen aus fünf Gliedern in
Spiralform, deren Durchmesser sich zum Kettenende hin verjüngen.
Dieses Set wurde aus einem Silbermaterial hergestellt,
das sehr wenige Verunreinigungen enthält. Die Spiralen
enthalten generell sehr wenig Blei und nur geringe Mengen an
leicht flüchtigen und/oder leicht oxidierenden Elementen
(Kupfer, Antimon, Nickel, Bismut und Zink). Nur einige wenige
Proben zeigen einen erhöhten Bleigehalt und leicht erhöhte
Mangan- und Kupfergehalte, vermutlich verursacht durch
unterschiedliche Silbererzquellen (gediegen Silber oder Silberchloride).
Die Funde zeigen einen hohen Grad an Korrosion.
Stabile Bleiisotopenverhältnisse wurden zur Ermittlung der
Herkunft des Silbers herangezogen. Diese Verhältnisse wurden
mittels induktiv gekoppelter Plasma-Massenspektrometrie
(ICP-MS) anhand von Probenmaterial bestimmt, das
durch Nass-Veraschung in einem Mikrowellenofen aufbereitet
wurde. Die Verhältnisse 206Pb/207Pb, 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb,
208Pb/204Pb und 208Pb/207Pb der Silberfunde zeigen eine Isotopenverteilung,
die denen der Erzvorkommen im Süden der
Iberischen Halbinsel ähneln, obwohl auch andere Regionen
als mögliche Herkunftsorte identifiziert wurden.
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RESUMEN: Este traballo recolle un balance do proxecto “Alto Támega: Accions na Paisaxe Patrimonial (INOU13-02) desenvolvido polo Grupo de Estudos en Arqueoloxía, Antigüidade e Territorio (GEAAT) da Universidade de Vigo no transcurso do... more
RESUMEN: Este traballo recolle un balance do proxecto “Alto Támega: Accions na Paisaxe Patrimonial (INOU13-02) desenvolvido polo Grupo de Estudos en Arqueoloxía, Antigüidade e Territorio (GEAAT) da Universidade de Vigo no transcurso do ano 2013. Este proxecto interdisciplinar pretendeu fomentar e potenciar o coñecemento dos recursos patrimoniais do val do Río Támega a través da intervención específica sobre dúas estacións de arte rupestre, unha primeira aproximación ao patrimonio industrial xeolóxico-mineiro da zona e a contextualización de ambas accións no estudo territorial dos xacementos da Prehistoria Recente. Dende o principio, o proxecto foi desenvolvido cos axentes culturais da rexión. Buscamos presentar un modelo de traballo colaborativo, cuxo obxectivo era iniciar o proceso de apropiación e auto-xestión deste patrimonio polas comunidades.
ABSTRACT: This paper presents the project "Upper Támega: Actions in Heritage Landscape" (INOU13-02) developed by the Group of Studies in Archaeology, Antiquity and Territory (GEAAT) of the University of Vigo in the course of the year 2013. This interdisciplinary project aims to promote and enhance the knowledge of heritage resources of river Támega valley through specific intervention at two rock art sites, a first approach to geological and mining heritage of the area and the contextualization of both actions in a territorial study of the sites of Late Prehistory. From the beginning, the project was developed with cultural operators in the region. We seek to introduce a model of collaborative work, whose purpose was to begin the process of ownership and self-management of this heritage by communities.
ABSTRACT: This paper presents the project "Upper Támega: Actions in Heritage Landscape" (INOU13-02) developed by the Group of Studies in Archaeology, Antiquity and Territory (GEAAT) of the University of Vigo in the course of the year 2013. This interdisciplinary project aims to promote and enhance the knowledge of heritage resources of river Támega valley through specific intervention at two rock art sites, a first approach to geological and mining heritage of the area and the contextualization of both actions in a territorial study of the sites of Late Prehistory. From the beginning, the project was developed with cultural operators in the region. We seek to introduce a model of collaborative work, whose purpose was to begin the process of ownership and self-management of this heritage by communities.
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In this paper we shall revisit the foundations of the symbiotic relationship between metal and rocks in Prehistory. Research on ancient metallurgy tends to approach this subject by means of analytical studies within the scope of... more
In this paper we shall revisit the foundations of the symbiotic relationship between metal and rocks in Prehistory. Research on ancient metallurgy tends to approach this subject by means of analytical studies within the scope of Archaeometry, which is supported by a discourse proper of Physics and Chemistry and,
consequently, it is virtually devoid of anthropological reading. We intend to contribute to the renewal of such readings, following a number of authors who have been studying the archaeological contexts of metal hoards.
Our study draws upon the relationship between two categories of the archaeological record in North-western Iberia – metal hoards and rock art – and reflects upon their setting in the landscape and the life cycle of metal objects, which are understood as a synthesis of natural and ideological substance. Moreover, historical and ethnographic records open new perspectives to reflect on the symbolic character of matter, the biography
of the objects themselves and of their images inscribed on rocks.
Keywords: North-west Iberia; Late Prehistory; Metalwork; Rock art; Ethnography.
consequently, it is virtually devoid of anthropological reading. We intend to contribute to the renewal of such readings, following a number of authors who have been studying the archaeological contexts of metal hoards.
Our study draws upon the relationship between two categories of the archaeological record in North-western Iberia – metal hoards and rock art – and reflects upon their setting in the landscape and the life cycle of metal objects, which are understood as a synthesis of natural and ideological substance. Moreover, historical and ethnographic records open new perspectives to reflect on the symbolic character of matter, the biography
of the objects themselves and of their images inscribed on rocks.
Keywords: North-west Iberia; Late Prehistory; Metalwork; Rock art; Ethnography.
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In recent years there has been an increase in the number of GIS studies dedicated to settlement analysis; however the examination of Bronze hoarding phenomenon is still very limited. Most researchers haver prioritized chronological,... more
In recent years there has been an increase in the number of GIS studies dedicated to settlement analysis; however the examination of Bronze hoarding phenomenon is still very limited. Most researchers haver prioritized chronological, typological and archaeometrical approaches, with few landscape studies undertaken using GIS approaches. The local or regional character of ublished catalogues has restricted the analysis of hoard deposition and metal circulation in Atlantic Europe.
The aim of this paper is to review the categorization on Bronze Age metal deposits. We propose the establishment of analysis variables that will assit in considering hoards as contexts and their relationship to contemporary settlements, sources and metal ores and communication routes.
The aim of this paper is to review the categorization on Bronze Age metal deposits. We propose the establishment of analysis variables that will assit in considering hoards as contexts and their relationship to contemporary settlements, sources and metal ores and communication routes.
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The outlet of the river Ulla and the mouth of the estuary, the Ría de Arousa, present evidence of a continuous archaeological record, dating back as early as the Neolithic, with an abundance of exceptional finds. The intense use of the... more
The outlet of the river Ulla and the mouth of the estuary, the Ría de Arousa, present evidence of a continuous archaeological record, dating back as early as the Neolithic, with an abundance of exceptional finds. The intense use of the area has been demonstrated by the wealth of manifestations of the archaeological record, such as the megalithic phenomenon and the rock carvings. The Ulla is also the river on the Northwest Iberian peninsula which has produced the largest number of watery hoards in its downstream section as well as at the mouth. These finds add to the evidence corroborating the close relations that existed between the foreign areas and this zone towards the end of the Bronze Age. At the mouth of the Ulla river, the archaeological record indicates that a complex social structure arose starting from as early as the Copper Age, which is expressed in its art. This record verifies a special dynamic action in terms of evidence of foreign contact. We propose that in this zone two different phenomena can be related –rock art and prehistoric hoards, as different strategies used to appropriate the territory but linked in an ideological and symbolic framework. We also propose a different point of view regarding the find of the gold object usually known as the Leiro helmet.
Keywords: Bronze Age, Rock art, Hoards, Interaction, Memory
Keywords: Bronze Age, Rock art, Hoards, Interaction, Memory
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AARON LACKINGER (1), ELIN FIGUEREDO (2), BEATRIZ COMENDADOR (3), RUI J.C. SILVA (2), JOSÉ MIRÃO (4)
http://www.congresos.cchs.csic.es/aie4/
http://www.congresos.cchs.csic.es/aie4/
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La Península Ibérica, y más concretamente el noroeste ibérico, constituye una de las regiones más ricas en minerales de estaño - casiterita - del territorio Europeo. La fuerte actividad minera ligada al wolframio en la primera mitad del... more
La Península Ibérica, y más concretamente el noroeste ibérico, constituye una de las regiones más ricas en minerales de estaño - casiterita - del territorio Europeo. La fuerte actividad minera ligada al wolframio en la primera mitad del siglo XX, dada la coincidencia de estas mineralizaciones con las de estaño, propició el ocultamiento o destrucción de posibles evidencias de minería antigua. Sin embargo, son recurrentes los relatos y documentos escritos sobre evidencias más antiguas de explotación, anteriores a la “reapertura” de muchos de estos enclaves mineros.
En el presente trabajo presentaremos un estado de la cuestión de las posibles vías de investigación abiertas para el estudio de la minería y la metalurgia del estaño peninsular. Algunas de estas líneas de trabajo han sido exploradas en investigaciones recientes efectuadas por miembros del Grupo Cassiteros. Abordamos cuestiones relacionadas con paisajes mineros y posibles circuitos de intercambio de bienes, la existencia/ausencia de materiales metalúrgicos relacionados con la producción de estaño en yacimientos arqueológicos, el hallazgo de materiales/artefactos antiguos en minas “reabiertas” en el siglo XX, así como una pequeña introducción a la cuestión del estaño en la economía reciente (siglo XX), dando énfasis a la importancia que este metal pudo tener en la economía antigua y reciente del Noroeste Peninsular. Al mismo tiempo, presentamos una propuesta sobre las posibilidades de valorización de estos recursos, tanto en el ámbito de la historiografía de la pre y protohistoria europea, como en el ámbito patrimonial.
En el presente trabajo presentaremos un estado de la cuestión de las posibles vías de investigación abiertas para el estudio de la minería y la metalurgia del estaño peninsular. Algunas de estas líneas de trabajo han sido exploradas en investigaciones recientes efectuadas por miembros del Grupo Cassiteros. Abordamos cuestiones relacionadas con paisajes mineros y posibles circuitos de intercambio de bienes, la existencia/ausencia de materiales metalúrgicos relacionados con la producción de estaño en yacimientos arqueológicos, el hallazgo de materiales/artefactos antiguos en minas “reabiertas” en el siglo XX, así como una pequeña introducción a la cuestión del estaño en la economía reciente (siglo XX), dando énfasis a la importancia que este metal pudo tener en la economía antigua y reciente del Noroeste Peninsular. Al mismo tiempo, presentamos una propuesta sobre las posibilidades de valorización de estos recursos, tanto en el ámbito de la historiografía de la pre y protohistoria europea, como en el ámbito patrimonial.
Research Interests:
Landscape’s natural value in Upper Támega region is unquestionable, but it is not only characterized by its natural richness and diversity. This is the case with its industrial, geological and mining heritage, since the works of mining... more
Landscape’s natural value in Upper Támega region is unquestionable, but it is not only characterized by its natural richness and diversity. This is the case with its industrial, geological and mining heritage, since the works of mining exploitation through history have been documented from the XVIIth century onwards. Here stands out tin mining in the mining groups of Vilar de Cervos (Vilardevós) and Arcucelos (Laza). Nevertheless, this important tin area of the Ourense province lacks studies since Antonio Meijide Pardo’s creditable approach in 19451.
This work is framed within the actions of the Higher Támega Project (INOU), directed by the GEAAT from the University of Vigo, along with the Asociación Cultural Alto Támega and the Sociedade Antropolóxica Galega. A preliminary investigation was developed on metal mining and geological, industrial and mining heritage on the Támega Valley, especially taking into account metal mining in Arcucelos. This documental approach was made from the starting point of the materials in the archives of the Archivo Histórico Provincial de
Ourense (AHPOu). Even if some texts date mining benefit back to the XVIIth century, we can establish a chronology of the contemporary exploitation (1858-1964) through the information obtained from accounting ledgers, files or payment of taxes. We add to this research the interest of documented records on galleries or rests of “ancient works”. In the same way, documentation allows us to research about works unknown to this moment, in open-pit trench, in Vilameá (Laza), in addition to the relation with the exploitation of gold mineral.
This first step underscores the interest of completing the record of this mining landscape with a more interdisciplinary approach, besides the importance of its recovery and valorization from a social perspective: it constitutes a first-hand resource for the region, and from the cultural and educational point of view it can be linked to the Támega Valley
landscape protection. All this actions are being socially demanded by the very same fabric of cultural associations of the region, with the objective of energizing and revitalizing resources thus far unknown.
This work is framed within the actions of the Higher Támega Project (INOU), directed by the GEAAT from the University of Vigo, along with the Asociación Cultural Alto Támega and the Sociedade Antropolóxica Galega. A preliminary investigation was developed on metal mining and geological, industrial and mining heritage on the Támega Valley, especially taking into account metal mining in Arcucelos. This documental approach was made from the starting point of the materials in the archives of the Archivo Histórico Provincial de
Ourense (AHPOu). Even if some texts date mining benefit back to the XVIIth century, we can establish a chronology of the contemporary exploitation (1858-1964) through the information obtained from accounting ledgers, files or payment of taxes. We add to this research the interest of documented records on galleries or rests of “ancient works”. In the same way, documentation allows us to research about works unknown to this moment, in open-pit trench, in Vilameá (Laza), in addition to the relation with the exploitation of gold mineral.
This first step underscores the interest of completing the record of this mining landscape with a more interdisciplinary approach, besides the importance of its recovery and valorization from a social perspective: it constitutes a first-hand resource for the region, and from the cultural and educational point of view it can be linked to the Támega Valley
landscape protection. All this actions are being socially demanded by the very same fabric of cultural associations of the region, with the objective of energizing and revitalizing resources thus far unknown.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
"Este trabajo recoge algunos de los resultados preliminares del proyecto “Alto Támega: Acciones en el Paisaje Patrimonial” (INOU13-02) desarrollado por el Grupo de Estudios en Arqueología, Antigüedad y Territorio (GEAAT) de la Universidad... more
"Este trabajo recoge algunos de los resultados preliminares del proyecto “Alto Támega: Acciones en el Paisaje Patrimonial” (INOU13-02) desarrollado por el Grupo de Estudios en Arqueología, Antigüedad y Territorio (GEAAT) de la Universidad de Vigo en el trascurso del año 2013. Se trata de un proyecto interdisciplinar que pretende fomentar y potenciar el conocimiento de los recursos patrimoniales del valle del Río Támega a través de la intervención específica sobre dos estaciones de arte rupestre, una primera aproximación al patrimonio geológico-minero de la zona y la contextualización de ambas acciones en un estudio territorial de los yacimientos de la Prehistoria Reciente. El proyecto se ha desarrollado desde sus inicios en colaboración con el tejido asociativo cultural de la comarca.
El interior de Galicia ha sido reiteradamente excluido de las síntesis generales sobre el fenómeno del arte rupestre en el noroeste peninsular. Esta situación es motivada por la focalización de la investigación en otras zonas del noroeste.
Sin embargo, los trabajos desarrollados ponen de manifiesto el interés del estudio de esta región, tanto por la densidad como por la complejidad de los motivos grabados, que se incrementa por tratarse de una zona de frontera entre el arte esquemático y el arte atlántico. Como ejemplo, se presentan las estaciones rupestres de As Pisadiñas (Laza) y Covas Rubias (Monterrei) y se analizan sus características para definir distintos estilos.
This paper presents some of the preliminary results of the project "Upper Támega: Actions in Heritage Landscape" (INOU13-02) developed by the Group of Studies in Archaeology, Antiquity and Territory (GEAAT) of the University of Vigo in the course of the year 2013. This is an interdisciplinary project which aims to promote and enhance the knowledge of heritage resources of river Tamega valley through specific intervention at two rock art sites, a first approach to geological and mining heritage of the area and the contextualization of both actions in a territorial study of the sites of Late Prehistory. The project has been developed from the beginning in collaboration with local social sphere and associations.
The interior of Galicia has been repeatedly excluded from the general synthesis of rock art phenomenon in the northwest Iberian Peninsula. This situation is caused by the excess of focus on researches in other north-western areas.
However, the work carried out show the interest of the study of this region, both the density and the complexity of the engravings recorded, which is increased because it is a border area between schematic and Atlantic art. As an example, we present the rock art of As Pisadiñas (Laza) and Covas Rubias (Monterrei) and analyze their own characteristics in order to define different styles.
"
El interior de Galicia ha sido reiteradamente excluido de las síntesis generales sobre el fenómeno del arte rupestre en el noroeste peninsular. Esta situación es motivada por la focalización de la investigación en otras zonas del noroeste.
Sin embargo, los trabajos desarrollados ponen de manifiesto el interés del estudio de esta región, tanto por la densidad como por la complejidad de los motivos grabados, que se incrementa por tratarse de una zona de frontera entre el arte esquemático y el arte atlántico. Como ejemplo, se presentan las estaciones rupestres de As Pisadiñas (Laza) y Covas Rubias (Monterrei) y se analizan sus características para definir distintos estilos.
This paper presents some of the preliminary results of the project "Upper Támega: Actions in Heritage Landscape" (INOU13-02) developed by the Group of Studies in Archaeology, Antiquity and Territory (GEAAT) of the University of Vigo in the course of the year 2013. This is an interdisciplinary project which aims to promote and enhance the knowledge of heritage resources of river Tamega valley through specific intervention at two rock art sites, a first approach to geological and mining heritage of the area and the contextualization of both actions in a territorial study of the sites of Late Prehistory. The project has been developed from the beginning in collaboration with local social sphere and associations.
The interior of Galicia has been repeatedly excluded from the general synthesis of rock art phenomenon in the northwest Iberian Peninsula. This situation is caused by the excess of focus on researches in other north-western areas.
However, the work carried out show the interest of the study of this region, both the density and the complexity of the engravings recorded, which is increased because it is a border area between schematic and Atlantic art. As an example, we present the rock art of As Pisadiñas (Laza) and Covas Rubias (Monterrei) and analyze their own characteristics in order to define different styles.
"
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
"As part of Project Enardas we have worked on the formal study of hoards and metal findings as well as their physical and environmental context. After a year of research it was possible to determine the exact location of the deposit... more
"As part of Project Enardas we have worked on the formal study of hoards and metal findings as well as their physical and environmental context. After a year of research it was possible to determine the exact location of the deposit called the Areosa by Monteagudo (1977) and as having appeared in the place of Fincão, parish of Areosa, in the Archaeological Chart of Viana do Castelo. It should also be noted that this hoard was given as filed in “Casa dos Nichos” in Viana do Castelo .
Having been able to find one of the hoard finders it was also raised the story of the finding conditions as well as their dispersal by different individuals.
After that we identified some of their owners that we visited to reevaluate six of the eight axes found then.
It was also possible to determine that there is no ax of this hoard in “Casa dos Nichos”.
The deposit was found in a rocky crevice, in the place of Cobidalto, Areosa parish, county and district of Viana do Castelo, on the banks of a stream that flows directly into the ocean.
Given that the coastline was further back during the Bronze Age, this context, although coastal, was mainly fluvial. As today, the shoreline would then profusely rocky for what it would certainly be a crossing path between the hinterland and the sea.
"
Having been able to find one of the hoard finders it was also raised the story of the finding conditions as well as their dispersal by different individuals.
After that we identified some of their owners that we visited to reevaluate six of the eight axes found then.
It was also possible to determine that there is no ax of this hoard in “Casa dos Nichos”.
The deposit was found in a rocky crevice, in the place of Cobidalto, Areosa parish, county and district of Viana do Castelo, on the banks of a stream that flows directly into the ocean.
Given that the coastline was further back during the Bronze Age, this context, although coastal, was mainly fluvial. As today, the shoreline would then profusely rocky for what it would certainly be a crossing path between the hinterland and the sea.
"
Research Interests:
"Abstract The North-western Iberia has been traditionally considered a relatively isolated territory from the long-distance trade routes that would have existed across the Iberian Peninsula during the Late Prehistory. The Prehistoric... more
"Abstract
The North-western Iberia has been traditionally considered a relatively isolated territory from the long-distance trade routes that would have existed across the Iberian Peninsula during the Late Prehistory. The Prehistoric silver set of Antas de Ulla (Northwest Spain) is a set constituted by a central ring from which six chains hang, each one of five irregular and with decreasing size spirals. This set is constituted by Silver with low impurities. Its lead contents are low and some items show high Au contents. The set shows a high degree of corrosion. Lead stable isotope ratios have allowed us to determine Silver provenance. Isotopic ratios have been determined by Multi Collector Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry on extracts from bulk samples after total acid digestion in a microwave oven. The 206Pb/207Pb, 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, 208Pb/204Pb and 208Pb/207Pb ratios of the set showed isotopic ratios similar to those of orebodies from South Spain, although different provenance areas have been identified. This circumstance provides a basis to revise other possible evidence of long-distance metal circulation.
Key words: metal circulation, Lead stable isotope ratios, prehistoric Silver, Iberian Pyrite Belt, Spain"
The North-western Iberia has been traditionally considered a relatively isolated territory from the long-distance trade routes that would have existed across the Iberian Peninsula during the Late Prehistory. The Prehistoric silver set of Antas de Ulla (Northwest Spain) is a set constituted by a central ring from which six chains hang, each one of five irregular and with decreasing size spirals. This set is constituted by Silver with low impurities. Its lead contents are low and some items show high Au contents. The set shows a high degree of corrosion. Lead stable isotope ratios have allowed us to determine Silver provenance. Isotopic ratios have been determined by Multi Collector Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry on extracts from bulk samples after total acid digestion in a microwave oven. The 206Pb/207Pb, 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, 208Pb/204Pb and 208Pb/207Pb ratios of the set showed isotopic ratios similar to those of orebodies from South Spain, although different provenance areas have been identified. This circumstance provides a basis to revise other possible evidence of long-distance metal circulation.
Key words: metal circulation, Lead stable isotope ratios, prehistoric Silver, Iberian Pyrite Belt, Spain"
Research Interests:
Resumen: En este trabajo presentamos la experiencia de implantación de un proyecto para la apertura y dinamización de la Facultad de Historia de la Universidad de Vigo, dentro de la rama de Artes y Humanidades. El punto de partida es una... more
Resumen: En este trabajo presentamos la experiencia de implantación de un proyecto para la apertura y dinamización de la Facultad de Historia de la Universidad de Vigo, dentro de la rama de Artes y Humanidades. El punto de partida es una idea renovada del modelo de “humanismo mejorado”, que podríamos resumir en un conjunto de acciones en torno a cuatro conceptos: Trans-Formación; Trans-Fusión; Trans-Misión; Trans-Posición. Hacemos un balance general de los primeros resultados y valoramos el
impacto de estas acciones “al otro lado de la Universidad”, en cuanto a las posibilidades de la aportación de este “humanismo mejorado” al tejido social de la sociedad del siglo XXI. Finalmente se valora la retroalimentación recibida tras la presentación de este trabajo en el sOpA’13.
Abstract: we present the experience of implementing a project for opening and revitalization of the Faculty of History at the University of Vigo, in the area of Arts and
Humanities. The starting point is a renewed idea of the model of “enhanced humanism”, that can be summarized in a series of actions around four concepts: Trans-Formation; Trans-Fusion; Trans-Mission; Trans-position. We present a general assessment of the preliminary results and value the impact of these actions “across the University”, as well the possibilities of the contribution of this “enhanced humanism” to the social fabric of the XXI century. Finally, is considered the feedback received after the submission of this work in the sOpA'13.
impacto de estas acciones “al otro lado de la Universidad”, en cuanto a las posibilidades de la aportación de este “humanismo mejorado” al tejido social de la sociedad del siglo XXI. Finalmente se valora la retroalimentación recibida tras la presentación de este trabajo en el sOpA’13.
Abstract: we present the experience of implementing a project for opening and revitalization of the Faculty of History at the University of Vigo, in the area of Arts and
Humanities. The starting point is a renewed idea of the model of “enhanced humanism”, that can be summarized in a series of actions around four concepts: Trans-Formation; Trans-Fusion; Trans-Mission; Trans-position. We present a general assessment of the preliminary results and value the impact of these actions “across the University”, as well the possibilities of the contribution of this “enhanced humanism” to the social fabric of the XXI century. Finally, is considered the feedback received after the submission of this work in the sOpA'13.
Research Interests:
The so-called “Treasure of A Urdiñeira” (A Gudiña, SE of the province of Ourense, Spain) consists of an assemblage of three metal artefacts: two gold bracelets and a bronze button or disk, dated from the transition between the Late Bronze... more
The so-called “Treasure of A Urdiñeira” (A Gudiña, SE of the province of Ourense, Spain) consists of an assemblage of three metal artefacts: two gold bracelets and a bronze button or disk, dated from the transition between the Late Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age. This hoard found by chance around 1921, combines sumptuary objects made of gold and bronze, which are not usually found together in the context of the Iberian Peninsula (Comendador & Lackinger 2012).
From a morphological and technical point of view, the gold objects were well studied by B. Armbruster (2000), who indicates that the closed bracelet was made by a lost-wax process and with the use of a lathe, and includes them in the Villena/Estremoz technological domain system, from the Late European Bronze Age. Despite its singularity, the bronze object has received less attention than the gold objects, except from the typological point of view.
Based on direct observation and the analyses made on the archaeological material (SEM), we can establish a hypothesis about its manufacture and we propose an experimental approach to the chaîne opératoire of the disk from Urdiñeira. Our proposal revalues the NW Iberian Peninsula artisans’ community knowledge, as it suggests an experimental recreation of the chaîne opératoire with recourse to certain technical uses by these artisans. We aim to test coherent experimental processes and formulate precise questions related to prehistoric technologies.
Armbruster, B.R. (2000): Goldschmiedekunst und Bronzetechnik: Studien zum Metallhandwerk der atlantischen Bronzezeit auf der iberischen Halbinsel, Montagnac. Monique Mergoil.
Comendador, B. & Lackinger, A. (2012): The bronze disk of “A Urdiñeira” hoard (A Gudiña, Ourense, Spain). Conservação e técnicas de análise para o estudo e salvaguarda do património metálico AUCORRE, Lisboa (29-30 Março 2011)
From a morphological and technical point of view, the gold objects were well studied by B. Armbruster (2000), who indicates that the closed bracelet was made by a lost-wax process and with the use of a lathe, and includes them in the Villena/Estremoz technological domain system, from the Late European Bronze Age. Despite its singularity, the bronze object has received less attention than the gold objects, except from the typological point of view.
Based on direct observation and the analyses made on the archaeological material (SEM), we can establish a hypothesis about its manufacture and we propose an experimental approach to the chaîne opératoire of the disk from Urdiñeira. Our proposal revalues the NW Iberian Peninsula artisans’ community knowledge, as it suggests an experimental recreation of the chaîne opératoire with recourse to certain technical uses by these artisans. We aim to test coherent experimental processes and formulate precise questions related to prehistoric technologies.
Armbruster, B.R. (2000): Goldschmiedekunst und Bronzetechnik: Studien zum Metallhandwerk der atlantischen Bronzezeit auf der iberischen Halbinsel, Montagnac. Monique Mergoil.
Comendador, B. & Lackinger, A. (2012): The bronze disk of “A Urdiñeira” hoard (A Gudiña, Ourense, Spain). Conservação e técnicas de análise para o estudo e salvaguarda do património metálico AUCORRE, Lisboa (29-30 Março 2011)
Research Interests:
The reconstruction of the chaîne opératoire of prehistoric tin bronzes from the north-western Iberian Peninsula has been discussed mainly based on theoretical proposals. In recent times some relevant information based on the analytical... more
The reconstruction of the chaîne opératoire of prehistoric tin bronzes from the north-western Iberian Peninsula has been discussed mainly based on theoretical proposals. In recent times some relevant information based on the analytical study of the archaeological contexts of production has given some new insights on the subject.
We have made an initial experimental approach of one of the proposed models for obtaining bronze, the co-reduction of copper and tin ores. One of the main aims was to gain knowledge, through experimental methods, about the chaîne opératoire of bronze production in north-west peninsular prehistory – an area where signs of early metallurgical production have long been well-known.
The development of this initial experiment turns around had a series of aims, namely:
The realization of a co-reduction experiment associated with a specific chronological moment and geographical area, using minerals originating in the north-west of the Iberian Peninsula.
The empirical corroboration of theoretical proposals from archaeological evidences.
Analytical studies of the smelting products, such as metallic prills, slags and others, to infer about the success of the experiment and obtain data for future comparison with archaeological evidence.
Full development of educational and outreach potential within the process of knowledge transfer, by the conversion of the experiment into a public experience. This involved the participation of diverse implicated discourses (craftwork, chemistry, archaeology).
In this poster we present an initial approximation of the results of the experimental co-reduction which will serve as a foundation for new proposals and projects.
We have made an initial experimental approach of one of the proposed models for obtaining bronze, the co-reduction of copper and tin ores. One of the main aims was to gain knowledge, through experimental methods, about the chaîne opératoire of bronze production in north-west peninsular prehistory – an area where signs of early metallurgical production have long been well-known.
The development of this initial experiment turns around had a series of aims, namely:
The realization of a co-reduction experiment associated with a specific chronological moment and geographical area, using minerals originating in the north-west of the Iberian Peninsula.
The empirical corroboration of theoretical proposals from archaeological evidences.
Analytical studies of the smelting products, such as metallic prills, slags and others, to infer about the success of the experiment and obtain data for future comparison with archaeological evidence.
Full development of educational and outreach potential within the process of knowledge transfer, by the conversion of the experiment into a public experience. This involved the participation of diverse implicated discourses (craftwork, chemistry, archaeology).
In this poster we present an initial approximation of the results of the experimental co-reduction which will serve as a foundation for new proposals and projects.
Research Interests:
Abstract: The named treasure of Urdiñeira, a set of two gold bracelets and a bronze button or disk, was found by chance around 1921 near Parada da Serra (A Gudiña, Ourense). As with other archaeological treasures, the story of their... more
Abstract: The named treasure of Urdiñeira, a set of two gold bracelets and a bronze button or disk, was found by chance around 1921 near Parada da Serra (A Gudiña, Ourense).
As with other archaeological treasures, the story of their discovery is the story of a misunderstanding between officer science and the people. These items were uprooted and taken from his hiding place and put into a controlled vitrine, where they remain isolated and voiceless. Our proposal is based on a multi-level project for this iconic set. The objective of this research is not only focus on the prehistoric settlement of A Urdiñeira, but also on the historical context of the contemporary world where it was recovered. Finally is designed as an intervention strategy in terms of cultural heritage enhancement within a sustainable development model.
As with other archaeological treasures, the story of their discovery is the story of a misunderstanding between officer science and the people. These items were uprooted and taken from his hiding place and put into a controlled vitrine, where they remain isolated and voiceless. Our proposal is based on a multi-level project for this iconic set. The objective of this research is not only focus on the prehistoric settlement of A Urdiñeira, but also on the historical context of the contemporary world where it was recovered. Finally is designed as an intervention strategy in terms of cultural heritage enhancement within a sustainable development model.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
"The reconstruction of the chaîne opératoire of prehistoric tin bronzes from the north-western Iberian Peninsula has been discussed mainly based on theoretical proposals. In recent times some relevant information based on the analytical... more
"The reconstruction of the chaîne opératoire of prehistoric tin bronzes from the north-western Iberian Peninsula has been discussed mainly based on theoretical proposals. In recent times some relevant information based on the analytical study of the archaeological contexts of production has given some new insights on the subject.
We have made an initial experimental approach of one of the proposed models for obtaining bronze, the co-reduction of copper and tin ores. One of the main aims was to gain knowledge, through experimental methods, about the chaîne opératoire of bronze production in north-west peninsular prehistory – an area where signs of early metallurgical production have long been well-known.
The development of this initial experiment turns around had a series of aims, namely:
The realization of a co-reduction experiment associated with a specific chronological moment and geographical area, using minerals originating in the north-west of the Iberian Peninsula.
The empirical corroboration of theoretical proposals from archaeological evidences.
Analytical studies of the smelting products, such as metallic prills, slags and others, to infer about the success of the experiment and obtain data for future comparison with archaeological evidence.
Full development of educational and outreach potential within the process of knowledge transfer, by the conversion of the experiment into a public experience. This involved the participation of diverse implicated discourses (craftwork, chemistry, archaeology).
"
We have made an initial experimental approach of one of the proposed models for obtaining bronze, the co-reduction of copper and tin ores. One of the main aims was to gain knowledge, through experimental methods, about the chaîne opératoire of bronze production in north-west peninsular prehistory – an area where signs of early metallurgical production have long been well-known.
The development of this initial experiment turns around had a series of aims, namely:
The realization of a co-reduction experiment associated with a specific chronological moment and geographical area, using minerals originating in the north-west of the Iberian Peninsula.
The empirical corroboration of theoretical proposals from archaeological evidences.
Analytical studies of the smelting products, such as metallic prills, slags and others, to infer about the success of the experiment and obtain data for future comparison with archaeological evidence.
Full development of educational and outreach potential within the process of knowledge transfer, by the conversion of the experiment into a public experience. This involved the participation of diverse implicated discourses (craftwork, chemistry, archaeology).
"
Research Interests:
This article presents an overview of the implementation process of Public Archaeology as a subject in the interuniversitary Masters degree of Archaeology and Antiquity Sciencies (USC, UVigo, Incipit-CSIC) for the last three courses... more
This article presents an overview of the implementation process of Public Archaeology as a subject in the interuniversitary Masters degree of Archaeology and Antiquity Sciencies
(USC, UVigo, Incipit-CSIC) for the last three courses (2014/2015, 2015/2016/and 2016/2017) within the Galician university system. It shows how the subject was proposed, organized and some examples of its activities. There will be a final balance
of the process and its results.
--
En este texto se presenta un panorama del proceso de implantación de la materia de Arqueología Pública, asignatura optativa del máster interuniversitario en Arqueología y Ciencias de la Antigüedad (USC, UVigo, Incipit-CSIC), en los últimos tres años (cursos 2014/2015, 2015/2106, 2016/2017) dentro del sistema universitario gallego (SUG). Se muestra como se originó la propuesta de esta materia, su organización, así
como algunos ejemplos de actividades y trabajos de curso. Finalmente hacemos un balance de este proceso de implantación y los resultados obtenidos.
(USC, UVigo, Incipit-CSIC) for the last three courses (2014/2015, 2015/2016/and 2016/2017) within the Galician university system. It shows how the subject was proposed, organized and some examples of its activities. There will be a final balance
of the process and its results.
--
En este texto se presenta un panorama del proceso de implantación de la materia de Arqueología Pública, asignatura optativa del máster interuniversitario en Arqueología y Ciencias de la Antigüedad (USC, UVigo, Incipit-CSIC), en los últimos tres años (cursos 2014/2015, 2015/2106, 2016/2017) dentro del sistema universitario gallego (SUG). Se muestra como se originó la propuesta de esta materia, su organización, así
como algunos ejemplos de actividades y trabajos de curso. Finalmente hacemos un balance de este proceso de implantación y los resultados obtenidos.
Research Interests:
The aim of this paper is to provide the first comprehensive approach of Schematic Art paintings in north-west Iberia, through the analysis of its geographical setting and distribution. In order to overcome the biases of former studies,... more
The aim of this paper is to provide the first comprehensive
approach of Schematic Art paintings in north-west
Iberia, through the analysis of its geographical setting
and distribution. In order to overcome the biases of
former studies, traditionally confined to administrative
boundaries, this study draws on the concept and
outline of biogeographical regions and addresses, as a
methodological option, its relationship with other traditions
of prehistoric art. It offers an overview of the sites
with Schematic art paintings, assessing recent findings,
and draws on the analysis of their landscape setting and
the physical characteristics of place as a means of pointing
out future field surveys strategies in eastern Galicia.
approach of Schematic Art paintings in north-west
Iberia, through the analysis of its geographical setting
and distribution. In order to overcome the biases of
former studies, traditionally confined to administrative
boundaries, this study draws on the concept and
outline of biogeographical regions and addresses, as a
methodological option, its relationship with other traditions
of prehistoric art. It offers an overview of the sites
with Schematic art paintings, assessing recent findings,
and draws on the analysis of their landscape setting and
the physical characteristics of place as a means of pointing
out future field surveys strategies in eastern Galicia.
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COMENDADOR REY, B., MEUNIER, E., FIGUEIREDO, E., LACKINGER, A., FONTE, J., FERNÁNDEZ FERNÁNDEZ, C., LIMA, A., MIRÃO, J. et SILVA, R. J. C., 2017, « Northwestern Iberian Tin Mining from Bronze Age to Modern Times: an overview ». In :... more
COMENDADOR REY, B., MEUNIER, E., FIGUEIREDO, E., LACKINGER, A., FONTE, J., FERNÁNDEZ FERNÁNDEZ, C., LIMA, A., MIRÃO, J. et SILVA, R. J. C., 2017, « Northwestern Iberian Tin Mining from Bronze Age to Modern Times: an overview ». In : Newman, P. (Ed.), The Tinworking Landscape of Dartmoor in a European Context. Sowton, pp. 133-153.
The northwestern Iberian Peninsula has been well known for its mineral wealth since classical times, including for gold and for tin. In fact, the Iberian tin belt is the largest in western Europe (covering an area of c.200,000 km2), containing tin deposits that were accessible from ancient times. Nevertheless, few archaeological studies have been dedicated to ancient tin mining in the region, unlike gold mining, for which major mining complexes are known from Roman times (e.g. Las Médulas, N Spain, and Três Minas, N Portugal). In this paper, evidence for tin mining in different periods, from Bronze Age to modern times, is discussed, based on selected case-studies, using various approaches developed for the study of ancient and modern tin mining, by members of the present Iberian Tin Research Group. An introduction to the geographical and geological contexts of Iberian tin, and the history of investigation on Iberian tin mining, is included.
The northwestern Iberian Peninsula has been well known for its mineral wealth since classical times, including for gold and for tin. In fact, the Iberian tin belt is the largest in western Europe (covering an area of c.200,000 km2), containing tin deposits that were accessible from ancient times. Nevertheless, few archaeological studies have been dedicated to ancient tin mining in the region, unlike gold mining, for which major mining complexes are known from Roman times (e.g. Las Médulas, N Spain, and Três Minas, N Portugal). In this paper, evidence for tin mining in different periods, from Bronze Age to modern times, is discussed, based on selected case-studies, using various approaches developed for the study of ancient and modern tin mining, by members of the present Iberian Tin Research Group. An introduction to the geographical and geological contexts of Iberian tin, and the history of investigation on Iberian tin mining, is included.
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Abstract: Pits are the most common archaeological features in late prehistoric Europe, yet their function and formation dynamics remain obscure. This paper draws on stratigraphy, contextual observations, and a novel analytical protocol to... more
Abstract: Pits are the most common archaeological features in late prehistoric Europe, yet their function and formation dynamics remain obscure. This paper draws on stratigraphy, contextual observations, and a novel analytical protocol to address such topics. The article presents an interdisciplinary and comparative post-excavation procedure to evaluate some of the most abundant items found in prehistoric pits, combining a taphonomical approach to the analysis of ceramics, charcoal, and carpology. This procedure provided new insights into the use-lives of a selection of five pits from an open-air site in Galicia (NW Iberia), which was occupied intermittently during the second millennium cal. BCE. An early use as silos is posited, and their final closure entailed cultural practices and preferences whose material fingerprint has been identified via multivariate analysis.
Keywords
Keywords: Pit; Multi-proxy analysis; Taphonomy; Bronze Age; Iberian Peninsula
Keywords
Keywords: Pit; Multi-proxy analysis; Taphonomy; Bronze Age; Iberian Peninsula
Research Interests: Prehistoric Archaeology, Material Culture Studies, Archaeological Method & Theory, History of Archaeological Praxis, Bronze Age Europe (Archaeology), and 14 moreIberian Prehistory (Archaeology), Archaeology of the Iberian Peninsula, Ceramics (Archaeology), Bronze Age (Archaeology), Early Bronze Age (Archaeology), Middle Bronze Age, Bronze Age, Early Bronze Age, Edad Del Bronce, Anthracology, Pits (Archaeology), Bronce Atlántico, Critical Archaeology, 和 Anthracologie
Pits are the most common archaeological features in late prehistoric Europe, yet their function and formation dynamics remain obscure. This paper draws on stratigraphy, contextual observations, and a novel analytical protocol to address... more
Pits are the most common archaeological features in late prehistoric Europe, yet their function and formation dynamics remain obscure. This paper draws on stratigraphy, contextual observations, and a novel analytical protocol to address such topics. The article presents an interdisciplinary and comparative post-excavation procedure to evaluate some of the most abundant items found in prehistoric pits, combining a taphonomical approach to the analysis of ceramics, charcoal, and carpology. This procedure provided new insights into the use-lives of a selection of five pits from an open-air site in Galicia (NW Iberia), which was occupied intermittently during the second millennium cal. BCE. An early use as silos is posited, and their final closure entailed cultural practices and preferences whose material fingerprint has been identified via multivariate analysis.
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The Iberian Peninsula, namely the North-Western Iberian area, is one of the richest regions in tin ores – cassiterite – in the European territory. However, the strong mining activity linked to tungsten in the first half of the twentieth... more
The Iberian Peninsula, namely the North-Western Iberian area, is one of the richest regions in tin ores – cassiterite – in the European territory. However, the strong mining activity linked to tungsten in the first half of the twentieth century, and the coincidence of these mineralizations with tin ones, has led to the covering or destruction of many possible evidences of ancient mining works. Nevertheless, in written documents related to many of these recent mining sites, there are frequent reports about earlier local evidence of mining exploitations, leading to the frequent expression of "reopening of the mine". In this work we present a state of the art of the possible pathways of investigation open for the study of mining and metallurgy of Iberian tin. Some of these lines have been explored in recent research conducted by the members of the Cassiteros Group. We address issues related to mining landscapes and possible circuits of goods exchange, the existence/absence of metallurgical materials related with tin production in archaeological sites, the finding of ancient materials/artefacts in "reopened" mines in the twentieth century and a brief introduction to the issue of tin in the recent economy (XX century), emphasizing the importance that this metal may have played in ancient as well as in recent North-Western Iberian economy. At the same time, we present a proposal on the potential use of these resources, both in terms of the historiography of European pre and proto-history, as in the heritage sector.
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This text presents an overview of the characterization of the first bronze alloys in the Northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, from a study of a bronze droplet from Bouca Cova da Moura (Ardegão, Maia, Northof Portugal). This was based on... more
This text presents an overview of the characterization of the first bronze alloys in the Northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, from a study of a bronze droplet from Bouca Cova da Moura (Ardegão, Maia, Northof Portugal). This was based on the interpretation of archaeometallurgical results obtained in recentyears. The study references new results from the application of Synchrotron Radiation Source (SRS) andSource Neutron Scattering (Spallation Neutron Source – ISIS) as well as its importance in developing
newhypothesesabouttherstbronzemetallurgyoftheNorthwestoftheIberianPeninsula
newhypothesesabouttherstbronzemetallurgyoftheNorthwestoftheIberianPeninsula
Research Interests: Prehistoric Archaeology, Bronze Age Europe (Archaeology), Iberian Prehistory (Archaeology), Archaeology of the Iberian Peninsula, Archaeometallurgy, and 5 moreEdad Del Bronce, Archaeometallurgy, Mineralogy, Archaeometry, Pré-História, Pre-history, and European Copper and Bronze Age – Archaeometallurgy – Prehistoric Metalworking in Social Context – Settlement Archaeology – Application of Geophysical Methods in Archaeology – Neolithic – Theory / Cultural Anthropology – Material Culture Studies
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The aim of this work is to review the discovery of a group of double looped palstaves with casting jets found on the Pereiras Pequenas/Rexio estate, Arque, parish of Vila de Punhe in 1916, while doing agricul- tural works in a vineyard.... more
The aim of this work is to review the discovery of a group of double looped palstaves with casting jets found on the Pereiras Pequenas/Rexio estate, Arque, parish of Vila de Punhe in 1916, while doing agricul- tural works in a vineyard. The hoard was acknowledged by Rui de Serpa Pinto (1928, 1933a, 1933b), although the discovery circumstances were published years later by Viana (1938). This assemblage formed by more than one hundred objects, constitutes one of the more nu- merous single type hoards of the Iberian Peninsula. Some interpretations are given, considering the context location of this hoard, and other similar deposits in the Northwest of Iberia.
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The article is conceived as a methodological essay for the integration of information from excavations with different records in a database collated for the Iron Age. Castrovite is used as a practical case of reflection at the same time... more
The article is conceived as a methodological essay for the integration of information from excavations with different records in a database collated for the Iron Age. Castrovite is used as a practical case of reflection at the same time it provides news in the interpretation of the site.
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In the present paper an experiment made in north-western Iberia for producing bronze using local ores and similar techniques to those perhaps practiced by the ancient prehistoric metallurgists during Bronze Age is described. Preliminary... more
In the present paper an experiment made in north-western Iberia for producing bronze using local ores and similar techniques to those perhaps practiced by the ancient prehistoric metallurgists during Bronze Age is described. Preliminary results of SEM-EDS analysis made to the metallurgical products are also presented, showing that bronze could be produced in a simple smelting structure by smelting copper ores with tin ores (co-smelting), producing metallic prills of various Cu-Sn compositions and slags with heterogeneous microstrucutres.
"The so-called ‘Treasure of A Urdiñeira‘ (A Gudiña, south-east of the province of Ourense, Spain) consists of an assemblage of three metal artefacts: two gold bracelets and a bronze button or disk, dated from the transition between the... more
"The so-called ‘Treasure of A Urdiñeira‘ (A Gudiña, south-east of the province of Ourense, Spain) consists of an assemblage of three metal artefacts: two gold bracelets and a bronze button or disk, dated from the transition between the Late Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age. This hoard, found by chance around 1921, combines sumptuary objects made of gold and bronze, which are not usually found together in the context of the Iberian Peninsula.
From a morphological and technical point of view, the gold objects were well studied by B. Armbruster (2000), who indicates that the closed bracelet was made by a lost-wax process and with the use of a lathe, and includes them in the Villena/Estremoz technological domain system, from the Late European Bronze Age. Despite its singularity, the bronze object has received less attention than the gold objects, except from the typological point of view.
Based on direct observation and the analyses made on the archaeological material (SEM), we can establish a hypothesis about its manufacture and we propose an experimental approach to the chaîne opératoire of the disk from Urdiñeira. Our proposal revalues the north-western Iberian Peninsula artisans' community knowledge, as it suggests an experimental recreation of the chaîne opératoire with recourse to certain technical uses by these artisans. We aim to test coherent experimental processes and formulate precise questions related to prehistoric technologies."
From a morphological and technical point of view, the gold objects were well studied by B. Armbruster (2000), who indicates that the closed bracelet was made by a lost-wax process and with the use of a lathe, and includes them in the Villena/Estremoz technological domain system, from the Late European Bronze Age. Despite its singularity, the bronze object has received less attention than the gold objects, except from the typological point of view.
Based on direct observation and the analyses made on the archaeological material (SEM), we can establish a hypothesis about its manufacture and we propose an experimental approach to the chaîne opératoire of the disk from Urdiñeira. Our proposal revalues the north-western Iberian Peninsula artisans' community knowledge, as it suggests an experimental recreation of the chaîne opératoire with recourse to certain technical uses by these artisans. We aim to test coherent experimental processes and formulate precise questions related to prehistoric technologies."
"Abstract: El proceso de Bolonia y las reformas educativas relacionadas son en este momento aspectos fundamentales en el panorama de los estudios de arqueología en España dentro del marco del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES).... more
"Abstract: El proceso de Bolonia y las reformas educativas relacionadas son en este momento aspectos fundamentales en el panorama de los estudios de arqueología en España dentro del marco del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES). En este trabajo prestamos atención a la incidencia del proceso de Bolonia en la conformación de los actuales estudios con una especial atención al caso gallego. Inicialmente se hará una revisión a la situación previa al inicio de la reforma; posteriormente se sondearán las transformaciones en el marco profesional de la arqueología y la adecuación de las competencias a este marco, también desde una perspectiva patrimonial; por último presentaremos una valoración del impacto de estas transformaciones para el futuro de la disciplina, especialmente en el ámbito académico.
Abstract: The Bologna process and its related educational reforms are current key issues in the archeology studies in Spain within the context of the European Higher Education Area (EHEA). In this paper we will analyze the impact of the Bologna process in designing the present courses with a special attention to the case of Galicia. At first we will review the situation prior to the start of the reform, and then we will analyze the changes in the professional context of archeology and the adequacy of the capacities in this context, including the perspective of heritage enhancement. Finally, we will introduce an assessment of the impact of these changes focusing on the future of the discipline, especially within the academic context."
Abstract: The Bologna process and its related educational reforms are current key issues in the archeology studies in Spain within the context of the European Higher Education Area (EHEA). In this paper we will analyze the impact of the Bologna process in designing the present courses with a special attention to the case of Galicia. At first we will review the situation prior to the start of the reform, and then we will analyze the changes in the professional context of archeology and the adequacy of the capacities in this context, including the perspective of heritage enhancement. Finally, we will introduce an assessment of the impact of these changes focusing on the future of the discipline, especially within the academic context."
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This text presents an overview of the characterization of the first bronze alloys in the Northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, from a study of a bronze droplet coming from Bouca Cova da Moura (Ardegão, Maia, North of Portugal). This was... more
This text presents an overview of the characterization of the first bronze alloys in the Northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, from a study of a bronze droplet coming from Bouca Cova da Moura (Ardegão, Maia, North of Portugal). This was based on the interpretation of archaeometallurgical results obtained in recent years.The study references results from the applications of Synchrotron Radiation Source (Synchrotron Radiation Source (SRS) and Source Neutron Scattering (Spallation Neutron Source - ISIS) as well as its importance in developing new hypotheses about the first bronze metallurgy of the Northwest of the Iberian Peninsula.
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The purpose of this paper is to publicize the deposit of a flat axe of Bujões / Barcelos type, found in place of Bandeira, Viana do Castelo; its context of discovery; its formal and technical characteristics and their spatial... more
The purpose of this paper is to publicize the deposit of a flat axe of Bujões / Barcelos type, found in place of Bandeira, Viana do Castelo; its context of discovery; its formal and technical characteristics and their spatial interrelation with the estuary of the Lima River.
Although it was performed only a macroscopic study, making it impossible precise considerations on archaeometallurgical processes, its location allows us to consider that it binds to a liminal place between the mountains and the waters, but also with a crossing point between these two natural spaces.
Within the lower reaches of the Lima River, the axes of this type were deposited in different contexts, if we take into account the microscale analysis. These artefacts were associated with fluvial terraces (?), mining contexts and settings with granite outcrops. However, in the average scale of analysis, these are preferentially associated with impressive and liminal places between the land and waters, crossing places and spaces where alluvial tin exist, according to sedimentological analysis carried out in several sections of the Lima River. These features open the interpretive perspectives on the value of these social and religious artefacts, on the actions that ulminated in his deposition and the places chosen for deposition.
Although it was performed only a macroscopic study, making it impossible precise considerations on archaeometallurgical processes, its location allows us to consider that it binds to a liminal place between the mountains and the waters, but also with a crossing point between these two natural spaces.
Within the lower reaches of the Lima River, the axes of this type were deposited in different contexts, if we take into account the microscale analysis. These artefacts were associated with fluvial terraces (?), mining contexts and settings with granite outcrops. However, in the average scale of analysis, these are preferentially associated with impressive and liminal places between the land and waters, crossing places and spaces where alluvial tin exist, according to sedimentological analysis carried out in several sections of the Lima River. These features open the interpretive perspectives on the value of these social and religious artefacts, on the actions that ulminated in his deposition and the places chosen for deposition.
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The North Western Iberia metal ore wealth, especially tin ore and gold, have been proposed as the main reason for the development of intense trade routes since early prehistory. Several authors have argued the existence of interactions... more
The North Western Iberia metal ore wealth, especially tin ore and gold, have been proposed as the main reason for the development of intense trade routes since early prehistory. Several authors have argued the existence of interactions between the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula and other cultures of the European Occident and the Mediterranean area. Ancient sources comment on the abundance of minerals and metals in the Cassiterides or Tin Islands. These accounts must have originated from sailors who from time immemorial were trading in these coasts. The name Cassiterides represents the first vague knowledge of the Greeks that tin was found overseas somewhere in or off Western Europe. The word κασσιτερος was known to Homer and is mentioned ten times in the Iliad. Cape Finisterre (Land’s End for the Romans) was proposed as the northernmost point recorded in the Periplous of Pytheas the Massaliot, which seems to be the basic source used by Rufus Festus Avienus. B.Cunliffe has suggested that if Cape Finisterre was the place called estrymnis by Avienus in Ora Marítima, then Periplous could be
seen as the guide that led Greek sailors from Marseille to the northwest of Iberia to trade for the coveted Galician tin some time around 500 BC.
Recently, the study of prehistoric bronze working places more emphasis on technological aspects as a means of detecting changes in the pattern of metal production in the archaeological
record. Bronze working appears in North Western Iberia at the end of the 3rd and the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC for short-scale production, distribution and consumption, mainly as
prestige goods. Metals are a major component of the prestige economy described in the Homeric Epics and his accounts of Phoenician traders carrying metals hither and thither constitute the earliest literature reference. They suggest a prestige economy based in interchange of presents (most of them metals) that contribute to the perpetuation of the aristocracy, excluding ownership by the rest of the population.
Recent preliminary analyses carried out at the synchrotron and the neutron sources at the Daresbury and Rutherford Laboratories have contributed to the understanding of technological details of this very early bronze metallurgy. Archaeological evidence sustains the hypothesis of an increase of the production during the late Bronze Age. Most of these objects are produced
locally, imitating foreign styles, especially in the Atlantic area, with singular features related to the alloy composition and other features. Indeed, as early as the beginning of the 8th century BC, the Phoenicians had established a trading post at Gadir. From here Phoenician ships regularly sailed north up the Atlantic coast of Iberia. We can observe differences between the Late Bronze Age-Iron Age north-western metal production and the so-called tartesic bronzes. The technical aspects of the production of bronze during the Orientalising Period in the Iberian Peninsula
favours the individualization of different manufacturing tradition
seen as the guide that led Greek sailors from Marseille to the northwest of Iberia to trade for the coveted Galician tin some time around 500 BC.
Recently, the study of prehistoric bronze working places more emphasis on technological aspects as a means of detecting changes in the pattern of metal production in the archaeological
record. Bronze working appears in North Western Iberia at the end of the 3rd and the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC for short-scale production, distribution and consumption, mainly as
prestige goods. Metals are a major component of the prestige economy described in the Homeric Epics and his accounts of Phoenician traders carrying metals hither and thither constitute the earliest literature reference. They suggest a prestige economy based in interchange of presents (most of them metals) that contribute to the perpetuation of the aristocracy, excluding ownership by the rest of the population.
Recent preliminary analyses carried out at the synchrotron and the neutron sources at the Daresbury and Rutherford Laboratories have contributed to the understanding of technological details of this very early bronze metallurgy. Archaeological evidence sustains the hypothesis of an increase of the production during the late Bronze Age. Most of these objects are produced
locally, imitating foreign styles, especially in the Atlantic area, with singular features related to the alloy composition and other features. Indeed, as early as the beginning of the 8th century BC, the Phoenicians had established a trading post at Gadir. From here Phoenician ships regularly sailed north up the Atlantic coast of Iberia. We can observe differences between the Late Bronze Age-Iron Age north-western metal production and the so-called tartesic bronzes. The technical aspects of the production of bronze during the Orientalising Period in the Iberian Peninsula
favours the individualization of different manufacturing tradition
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Sumario Neste traballo pretendemos unha dobre tarefa. Por unha banda, facer unha valoración sucinta do patrimonio arqueolóxico do concello de Oleiros, especialmente dos xacementos coñecidos como castros, baseándonos nunha información... more
Sumario
Neste traballo pretendemos unha dobre tarefa. Por unha banda, facer unha valoración sucinta do patrimonio arqueolóxico do concello de Oleiros, especialmente dos xacementos coñecidos como castros, baseándonos nunha información recentemente contrastada. Doutra banda, facer unha pequena revisión da historiografía arqueolóxica neste ámbito espacial para realizar un balance dos procesos de deterioro do patrimonio arqueolóxico, especialmente nos últimos cincuenta anos. O noso obxectivo é pór de manifesto a perentoria necesidade de salvagardar este patrimonio cultural, non só a través de actuacións institucionais, senón a través da toma de conciencia da nosa sociedade.
Abstract
This paper focuses on two main parts. Fist we provide a brief description of the Oleiros archaeological heritage, with special focus on the Castro Hillforts, based on the latest information. A review of the archaeological historiography of this area then follows, which is necessary in order to evaluate the deterioration of this site during the last fifty years. The aim of this paper is to highlight the urgent need to safeguard our cultural heritage,
Neste traballo pretendemos unha dobre tarefa. Por unha banda, facer unha valoración sucinta do patrimonio arqueolóxico do concello de Oleiros, especialmente dos xacementos coñecidos como castros, baseándonos nunha información recentemente contrastada. Doutra banda, facer unha pequena revisión da historiografía arqueolóxica neste ámbito espacial para realizar un balance dos procesos de deterioro do patrimonio arqueolóxico, especialmente nos últimos cincuenta anos. O noso obxectivo é pór de manifesto a perentoria necesidade de salvagardar este patrimonio cultural, non só a través de actuacións institucionais, senón a través da toma de conciencia da nosa sociedade.
Abstract
This paper focuses on two main parts. Fist we provide a brief description of the Oleiros archaeological heritage, with special focus on the Castro Hillforts, based on the latest information. A review of the archaeological historiography of this area then follows, which is necessary in order to evaluate the deterioration of this site during the last fifty years. The aim of this paper is to highlight the urgent need to safeguard our cultural heritage,
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Colaboración co xornal O Sil 186 Decembro 11 pax 48.pdf
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O Sil 185 Novembro 11 pax 55
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Colaboración no xornal O Sil 184 Outubro 11 pax 45
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En abril de 1976, el marinero José Vicente Somoza localizó casualmente el calote o capacete de oro conocido popularmente como casco de Leiro, depósitado y expuesto en el Museo Arqueolóxico e Histórico Castelo de San Antón de A Coruña.... more
En abril de 1976, el marinero José Vicente Somoza localizó casualmente el calote o capacete de oro conocido popularmente como casco de Leiro, depósitado y expuesto en el Museo Arqueolóxico e Histórico Castelo de San Antón de A Coruña. Transcurridos más de cuarenta años de su hallazgo, su estudio en profundidad sigue estando pendiente en diversos aspectos. Inicialmente revisamos las circunstancias de su hallazgo y de su contorno arqueológico en el excepcional contexto de la boca del río Ulla (Comendador, 2003), y posteriormente revisamos su caracterización como un depósito (Comendador, 2011).
En esta conferencia, revisitamos el lugar del hallazgo para profundizar en su significado simbólico y astral, y revisar el contexto del paisaje celeste circundante, para ponerlo en relevancia entre los factores de su emplazamiento.
En esta conferencia, revisitamos el lugar del hallazgo para profundizar en su significado simbólico y astral, y revisar el contexto del paisaje celeste circundante, para ponerlo en relevancia entre los factores de su emplazamiento.
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Conferencia impartida no curso de Extensión Universitaria "Galaicos: A Auga e o Alén" (Xinzo de Limia, 2015)
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En pleno século XXI, a Historia “está no medio” cando botamos unha ollada aos medios de comunicación. Este ciclo de xornadas xurde para crear un espazo onde analizar e debater a conexión da Historia con outras disciplinas, facer visible o... more
En pleno século XXI, a Historia “está no medio” cando botamos unha ollada aos medios de comunicación. Este ciclo de xornadas xurde para crear un espazo onde analizar e debater a conexión da Historia con outras disciplinas, facer visible o papel do historiador no mundo actual e a configuración social dos discursos sobre o pasado como construción colectiva.
O papel das novas tecnoloxías é crucial na construción do discurso histórico, da realidade social e o seu impacto sobre a sociedade. As accións no ciberespacio están facendo mutar mesmo, o valor do patrimonio tanxible, polo que é fundamental valorar as ferramentas de transferencia de coñecemento e o protagonismo da cidadanía, non só como simple receptor, senón no propio proceso de construción do mesmo e na salvagarda do seu legado patrimonial.
É momento fundamental tamén para tratar de evidenciar as metodoloxías da Historia e o debate sobre os criterios de cientificidade.
O papel das novas tecnoloxías é crucial na construción do discurso histórico, da realidade social e o seu impacto sobre a sociedade. As accións no ciberespacio están facendo mutar mesmo, o valor do patrimonio tanxible, polo que é fundamental valorar as ferramentas de transferencia de coñecemento e o protagonismo da cidadanía, non só como simple receptor, senón no propio proceso de construción do mesmo e na salvagarda do seu legado patrimonial.
É momento fundamental tamén para tratar de evidenciar as metodoloxías da Historia e o debate sobre os criterios de cientificidade.
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Metallurgy has been played an important role inside the traditional archaeology, especially for its almost exclusive visibility until some years ago in the archaeological record of certain periods of the Prehistoric times. Metal objects... more
Metallurgy has been played an important role inside the traditional archaeology, especially for its almost exclusive visibility until some years ago in the archaeological record of certain periods of the Prehistoric times. Metal objects have occupied also, some of the most important positions inside the collections of museums exposed to the public, especially in case of the gold work. Nevertheless this “weight” does not correspond to equal scale with the explanatory treatment of these objects. Its original characteristics have been modified by diverse processes, as the proper corrosion of metal, or the loss of attached elements of other materials that would help to improve his comprehension, since it is the case of the handles.
Metallic materials can turn out to be conceived as “patients“, “dead persons “ and / or out of use, as simple scrap. At first sight it might look like a museographic problem exclusively, but actually we consider that it conceals big “lacks” of the investigation at the time of understanding, so at least to consider, the function and meaning of some of these objects inside the context of the societies in whom they were “alive”. The proper terminology from the use of some of these objects conceals a deep conceptual gap. We have taken, as example, an experience of recreation and handling of a flat axe, to investigate the possibilities of the experimental archaeology in the conservation
of these objects, in didactics and museographic aspects, as well as in the proper archaeological research.
Metallic materials can turn out to be conceived as “patients“, “dead persons “ and / or out of use, as simple scrap. At first sight it might look like a museographic problem exclusively, but actually we consider that it conceals big “lacks” of the investigation at the time of understanding, so at least to consider, the function and meaning of some of these objects inside the context of the societies in whom they were “alive”. The proper terminology from the use of some of these objects conceals a deep conceptual gap. We have taken, as example, an experience of recreation and handling of a flat axe, to investigate the possibilities of the experimental archaeology in the conservation
of these objects, in didactics and museographic aspects, as well as in the proper archaeological research.
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Presentamos el resultado del trabajo iniciado en el contexto de una investigación etnoarqueológica sobre las explotaciones mineras en época contemporánea en el término municipal de A Gudiña (SE de la provincia de Ourense, Galicia). Se... more
Presentamos el resultado del trabajo iniciado en el contexto de una investigación etnoarqueológica sobre las explotaciones mineras en época contemporánea en el término municipal de A Gudiña (SE de la provincia de Ourense, Galicia). Se documentó la realización de un proceso artesanal de reducción de casiterita, resultando una aportación documental extraordinaria con respecto a las potencialidades de reducción directa de estaño cuando se procesan minerales de muy alta ley, como es el caso de la casiterita del grupo minero de Barxa. En el presente trabajo se aportan resultados de estudios analíticos de los materiales resultantes del proceso con el objetivo de estudiar el grado de pureza del estaño producido, y, eventualmente, de relacionar los minerales utilizados con las escorias y el metal obtenido. El resultado permite plantear diversos aspectos en relación a los modelos propuestos de obtención de estaño y bronce en la Prehistoria hasta la actualidad, y a las posibilidades interpretativas del diálogo entre las artesanías, la ciencia de los materiales y la experimentación.
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(Introducción Especial IV Jornadas de Patrimonio Cultural. La Ponte-Ecomuseu) Cuadiernu Revista de La Ponte-Ecomuséu . nº4 . 2016 5
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Bronze Age Europe (Archaeology), Bronze Age Archaeology, Iberian Prehistory (Archaeology), Portuguese Archaeology, Bronze Age (Archaeology), and 9 moreMiddle Bronze Age, Edad Del Bronce, Iberian prehistory, Arqueometalurgia, Arqueometría, Arqueometria, Metalurgia Prehistórica, Bronce Atlántico, and Mettalurgy
Workshop "A ras de suelo: experiencias en Arqueología de cara al público en el Noroeste ibérico". Viernes 26 de octubre de 2018. Facultade de Xeografía e Historia, USC.